严寒地区源荷协同分布式绿电消纳模式
刘元泰1，陈蓉1，刘伟1，钟越2
(1 内蒙古科技大学 土木工程学院，内蒙古 包头 014000；
2 湖南城市学院 土木工程学院，湖南 长沙 410000)
摘 要 ：研究严寒地区源荷协同分布式绿电消纳新模式，提出将自营电动自行车换电柜作为可延迟负荷的分布式光伏余电消纳技术路径。以某市城乡结合部 100 m2 住宅为对象，通过商圈实地调研与引力衰减模型测算城郊换电需求为 14 次/日，结合六仓柜体与磷酸铁锂电池循环特性，建立换电柜全年逐时负荷曲线。将换电负荷嵌入 HOMER Pro 平台，与 16 kW 光伏 +5.1 kW 风机系统协同优化，以净现值成本和平准化度电成本为目标函数，在屋面与院落空间约束下寻优。结果表明 ：无储能配置与换电柜时序匹配度最优，年发电量 40 971 kW·h，可再生能源供电比例 83.4%，余电 94.9% 就地消纳。换电柜自营模式边际用电成本 1.15 元/(kW·h)，较加盟模式降低 40%，系统投资回收期 2.85 年，较传统风光储系统缩短76%。敏感性分析显示，换电频次与电池寿命为关键参数，在 ±20% 扰动下回收期波动于 2.31 ～ 3.31 年。
关键词 ： 换电柜 ；分布式光伏 ；源荷协同 ；绿电消纳
中图分类号 ：TM61 ；TM912 文献标识码 ：A 文章编号 ：2097-6623(2026)05-0018-06
Source-Load Coordination Distributed Green Electricity
Consumption Mode in Severe Cold Regions
LIU Yuan-tai1, CHEN Rong1, LIU Wei1, ZHONG Yue2
（ 1 School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014000, China;
2 School of Civil Engineering, Hunan City University, Changsha 410000, China）
Abstract: To investigate a novel source-load coordination distributed green electricity consumption mode for severe cold regions, this paper proposes a technical pathway that uses self-operated electric bicycle battery swapping cabinets as deferrable loads to consume surplus distributed photovoltaic electricity. Taking a 100 m² residence in the urban-rural fringe of a certain city as the object, this study calculated the suburban battery swapping demand as 14 times per day through field investigation in business districts and a gravity decay model. An annual hourly load profile for the swapping cabinet was established based on a six-compartment cabinet and the cycling characteristics of lithium iron phosphate batteries. The battery swapping load was embedded into the HOMER Pro platform for collaborative optimization with a 16 kW photovoltaic plus 5.1 kW wind turbine system, with net present cost and levelized cost of energy as objective functions, under roof and yard space constraints to seek the optimum. Results show that the configuration with no energy storage achieves the optimal timing matching with the swapping cabinet, yielding an annual power generation of 40 971 kW·h, a renewable energy supply fraction of 83.4%, and 94.9% of surplus electricity consumed on-site. The marginal electricity cost of the self-operated swapping cabinet mode is 1.15 CNY/(kW·h), which is 40% lower than that of the franchise mode. The system payback period is 2.85 years, shortened by 76% compared with a conventional wind-solar-storage system. Sensitivity analysis reveals that swapping frequency and battery lifespan are key parameters; under a ±20% perturbation, the payback period fluctuates between 2.31 and 3.31 years.
Key words: battery swapping cabinet; distributed photovoltaic; source-load coordination; green electricity consumption
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