高压六氟化硫断路器触头间动态击穿特性试验研究
夏亚龙，林莘，徐建源，苏安，王飞鸣
（沈阳工业大学 电气工程学院，辽宁 沈阳 110870）
摘 要：针对六氟化硫(SF6)气体在高压电器设备实际形状电极间的击穿特性，搭建126 kV SF6断路器触头间动态击穿特性试验回路，分别测量断路器在不同电压极性和灭弧室充气压强下分、合闸过程中触头间击穿电压，统计试验击穿点电压值和对应的开距，分别采用幂函数、四次多项式对分、合闸过程触头间击穿点电压值进行拟合，得到不同开距下击穿电压拟合曲线，并给出触头间击穿电压与开距之间的数学表达式。试验结果表明：SF6断路器分、合闸过程中，当触头间开距达到一定值后，SF6气体表现出“反极性”效应；同一开距下，分闸过程(平均速度9.6 m/s)击穿电压小于合闸过程(平均速度4.7 m/s)。
关键词：六氟化硫；高压断路器；击穿电压
中图分类号：TM561.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-3175(2016)04-0007-05
Experimental Study on Dynamic Breakdown Characteristics of Gap Between Contacts for High-Voltage SF6 Circuit Breaker
XIA Ya-long, LIN Xin, XU Jian-yuan, SU An, WANG Fei-ming
（School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China）
Abstract: For the breakdown characteristics of SF6 medium between the real shape electrodes for high-voltage electrical equipment, this paper set up the experimental circuit of dynamic breakdown characteristics of gap between contacts for 126 kV SF6 circuit breaker. The breakdown voltages were measured during the process of circuit breakers breaking and closing under different voltage polarity and arc extinguish chamber air inflation pressure respectively. Voltage value and corresponding opening travel of experimental breakdown point were recorded. The fitting curves of breakdown voltage under different opening travel were obtained by using power function and four order polynomial to fit the breakdown voltage value of breaking and closing process respectively. This paper gave the mathematical expression of breakdown voltage and distance between the contacts. The test results show that during the process of SF6 circuit breakers breaking and closing, the positive polarity breakdown voltage is greater than negative polarity of SF6 gas when the opening travel reaches a certain value and the breakdown voltage of breaking process (the average speed is 9.6 m/s) is lower than that of closing process (the average speed is 4.7 m/s) for the same contact gap.
Key words: sulfur hexafluoride; high-voltage circuit breaker; breakdown voltage
参考文献
[1] 林莘.现代高压电器技术[M].2版.北京：机械工业出版社，2011．
[2] 刘振亚.中国特高压交流输电技术创新[J].电网技术，2013，37(3)：566-574.
[3] 钟建英.高压自能式SF6断路器灭弧室内耦合场的仿真与分析[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学，2006.
[4] 严璋，朱德恒.高电压绝缘技术[M].2版.北京：中国电力出版社，2002.
[5] Luque A, Ebert U，Montijn C, et al. Photoionization in negative streamers：fast computations and two propagation modes[J].Applied Physics Letters，2007，90(8)：1-4.
[6] Georghiou G E，Papadakis A P，Morrow R，et al.Numerical modeling of atmospheric pressure gas discharges leading to plasma production[J].Journal of Physics D：Applied Physics，2005，38(20)：303-328.
[7] 杨茜，荣命哲，吴翊，等.低压断路器中空气电弧重击穿现象的仿真与实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报，2007，27(6)：84-88.
[8] 程显，段雄英，廖敏夫，等.混合断路器大电流开断过程中真空电弧与SF6电弧相互作用的仿真[J].高电压技术，2012，38(6)：1529-1536．
[9] 魏俊梅.800 kV SF6高压断路器的研究与开发[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学，2008.
[10] 刘振亚.中国电力与能源[M].北京：中国电力出版社，2012.
[11] 李鑫涛，林莘，徐建源，等.基于FEM-FCT法的均匀电场下SF6气体击穿特性[J].高电压技术，2014，40(10)：3046-3053.
[12] 赵虎，李兴文，贾申利.SF6及其混合气体临界击穿场强计算与特性分析[J].西安交通大学学报，2013，47(2)：109-115.
[13] Yousfi M，Robin J P，Kanzari Z.Breakdown electric field calculations of hot SF6 for high voltage circuit breaker applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation，2005，12(6)：1192-1200.
[14] Yousfi M，Robin J P，Kanzari Z.Electron-molecule collision cross sections needed for breakdown electric field calculations of hot dissociated SF6[J].Journal of Physics：Conference Seriess，2008，115(1)：1-9.
[15] GB 1984—2003 高压交流断路器[S].
